CIP1, a CIPK23-interacting transporter, is implicated in Cd tolerance and phytoremediation.

Environmental pollution from cadmium (Cd) presents a serious threat to plant growth and development. Therefore, it's crucial to find out how plants resist this toxic metal to develop strategies for remediating Cd-contaminated soils. In this study, we identified CIP1, a transporter protein, by screening interactors of the protein kinase CIPK23. CIP1 is located in vesicles membranes and can transport Cd2+ when expressed in yeast cells. Cd stress specifically induced the accumulation of CIP1 transcripts and functional proteins, particularly in the epidermal cells of the root tip. CIKP23 could interact directly with the central loop region of CIP1, phosphorylating it, which is essential for the efficient transport of Cd2+. A loss-of-function mutation of CIP1 in wild-type plants led to increased sensitivity to Cd stress. Conversely, tobacco plants overexpressing CIP1 exhibited improved Cd tolerance and increased Cd accumulation capacity. Interestingly, this Cd accumulation was restricted to roots but not shoots, suggesting that manipulating CIP1 does not risk Cd contamination of plants' edible parts. Overall, this study characterizes a novel Cd transporter, CIP1, with potential to enhance plant tolerance to Cd toxicity while effectively eliminating environmental contamination without economic losses.

Epigenetic modification of a pectin methylesterase gene activates apoplastic iron reutilization in tomato roots.

Iron (Fe) distribution and reutilization are crucial for maintaining Fe homeostasis in plants. Here, we demonstrate that the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Colorless non-ripening (Cnr) epimutant exhibits increased Fe retention in cell wall pectin due to an increase in pectin methylesterase (PME) activity. This ultimately leads to Fe deficiency responses even under Fe-sufficient conditions when compared to the wild type (WT). Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing revealed that modifications to cell wall-related genes, especially CG hypermethylation in the intron region of PECTIN METHYLESTERASE53 (SlPME53), are involved in the Cnr response to Fe deficiency. When this intron hypermethylation of SlPME53 was artificially induced in WT, we found that elevated SlPME53 expression was accompanied by increased PME activity and increased pectin-Fe retention. The manipulation of SlPME53, either through overexpression in WT or knockdown in Cnr, influenced levels of pectin methylesterification and accumulation of apoplast Fe in roots. Moreover, CG hypermethylation mediated by METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (SlMET1) increased SlPME53 transcript abundance, resulting in greater PME activity and higher Fe retention in cell wall pectin. Therefore, we conclude that the Cnr mutation epigenetically modulates SlPME53 expression by SlMET1-mediated CG hypermethylation, and thus the capacity of the apoplastic Fe pool, creating opportunities for genetic improvement of crop mineral nutrition.

Development of a stable genetic transformation system in Erigeron breviscapus: a case study with EbYUC2 in relation to leaf number and flowering time.

MAIN CONCLUSION: A stable genetic transformation system for Erigeron breviscapus was developed. We cloned the EbYUC2 gene and genetically transformed it into Arabidopsis thaliana and E. breviscapus. The leaf number, YUC2 gene expression, and the endogenous auxin content in transgenic plants were significantly increased. Erigeron breviscapus is a prescription drug for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The rosette leaves have the highest content of the major active compound scutellarin and are an important component in the yield of E. breviscapus. However, little is known about the genes related to the leaf number and flowering time of E. breviscapus. In our previous study, we identified three candidate genes related to the leaf number and flowering of E. breviscapus by combining resequencing data and genome-wide association study (GWAS). However, their specific functions remain to be characterized. In this study, we cloned and transformed the previously identified full-length EbYUC2 gene into Arabidopsis thaliana, developed the first stable genetic transformation system for E. breviscapus, and obtained the transgenic plants overexpressing EbYUC2. Compared with wild-type plants, the transgenic plants showed a significant increase in the number of leaves, which was correlated with the increased expression of EbYUC2. Consistently, the endogenous auxin content, particularly indole-3-acetic acid, in transgenic plants was also significantly increased. These results suggest that EbYUC2 may control the leaf number by regulating auxin biosynthesis, thereby laying a foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism governing the leaf number and flowering time of E. breviscapus.

Tetrad stage transient cold stress skews auxin-mediated energy metabolism balance in Chinese cabbage pollen.

Changing ambient temperature often impairs plant development and sexual reproduction, particularly pollen ontogenesis. However, mechanisms underlying cold stress-induced male sterility are not well understood. Here, we exposed Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) to different cold conditions during flowering and demonstrated that the tetrad stage was the most sensitive. After completion of pollen development at optimal conditions, transient cold stress at the tetrad stage still impacted auxin levels, starch and lipid accumulation, and pollen germination, ultimately resulting in partial male sterility. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses and histochemical staining indicated that the reduced pollen germination rate was due to the imbalance of energy metabolism during pollen maturation. The investigation of ß-glucuronidase (GUS)-overexpressing transgenic plants driven by the promoter of DR5 (DR5::GUS report system) combined with cell tissue staining and metabolome analysis further validated that cold stress during the tetrad stage reduced auxin levels in mature pollen grains. Low-concentration auxin treatment on floral buds at the tetrad stage before cold exposure improved the cold tolerance of mature pollen grains. Artificially changing the content of endogenous auxin during pollen maturation by spraying chemical reagents and loss-of-function investigation of the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA6 by artificial microRNA technology showed that starch overaccumulation severely reduced the pollen germination rate. In summary, we revealed that transient cold stress at the tetrad stage of pollen development in Chinese cabbage causes auxin-mediated starch-related energy metabolism imbalance that contributes to the decline in pollen germination rate and ultimately seed set.

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal the molecular mechanism underlying dynamic metabolic processes during taproot development of Panax notoginseng.

BACKGROUND: Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen is one of the most famous Chinese traditional medicinal plants. The taproot is the main organ producing triterpenoid saponins, and its development is directly linked to the quality and yield of the harvested P. notoginseng. However, the mechanisms underlying the dynamic metabolic changes occurring during taproot development of P. notoginseng are unknown. RESULTS: We carried out metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate metabolites and gene expression during the development of P. notoginseng taproots. The differentially accumulated metabolites included amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, and lipids in 1-year-old taproots, flavonoids and terpenoids in 2- and 3-year-old taproots, and phenolic acids in 3-year-old taproots. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, metabolic pathway and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites at all three developmental stages. Integrative analysis revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was involved in not only the development of but also metabolic changes in P. notoginseng taproots. Moreover, significant accumulation of triterpenoid saponins in 2- and 3-year-old taproots was highly correlated with the up-regulated expression of cytochrome P450s and uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases genes. Additionally, a gene encoding RNase-like major storage protein was identified to play a dual role in the development of P. notoginseng taproots and their triterpenoid saponins synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: These results elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of and change relationship between primary and secondary metabolites in P. notoginseng taproots, and provide a basis for the quality control and genetic improvement of P. notoginseng.

PMF-CNN: parallel multi-band fusion convolutional neural network for SSVEP-EEG decoding.

Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is a key technique of electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI), which has been widely applied to neurological function assessment and postoperative rehabilitation. However, accurate decoding of the user's intended based on the SSVEP-EEG signals is challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and large individual variability of the signals. To address these issues, we proposed a parallel multi-band fusion convolutional neural network (PMF-CNN). Multi frequency band signals were served as the input of PMF-CNN to fully utilize the time-frequency information of EEG. Three parallel modules, spatial self-attention (SAM), temporal self-attention (TAM), and squeeze-excitation (SEM), were proposed to automatically extract multi-dimensional features from spatial, temporal, and frequency domains, respectively. A novel spatial-temporal-frequency representation were designed to capture the correlation of electrode channels, time intervals, and different sub-harmonics by using SAM, TAM, and SEM, respectively. The three parallel modules operate independently and simultaneously. A four layers CNN classification module was designed to fuse parallel multi-dimensional features and achieve the accurate classification of SSVEP-EEG signals. The PMF-CNN was further interpreted by using brain functional connectivity analysis. The proposed method was validated using two large publicly available datasets. After trained using our proposed dual-stage training pattern, the classification accuracies were 99.37% and 93.96%, respectively, which are superior to the current state-of-the-art SSVEP-EEG classification algorithms. The algorithm exhibits high classification accuracy and good robustness, which has the potential to be applied to postoperative rehabilitation.

The sexually divergent cFos activation map of fear extinction.

Objective: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. Exposure therapy is a common treatment for PTSD, but it has varying levels of efficacy depending on sex. In this study, we aimed to compare the sexual dimorphism in brain activation during the extinction of fear conditioning in male and female rats by detecting the c-fos levels in the whole brain. Methods: Thirty-two rats (Male: n = 16; Female: n = 16) were randomly separated into the extinction group as well as the non-extinction group, and fear conditioning was followed by extinction and non-extinction, respectively. Subsequently, brain sections from the sacrificed animal were performed immunofluorescence and the collected data were analyzed by repeated two-way ANOVAs as well as Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results: Our findings showed that most brain areas activated during extinction were similar in both male and female rats, except for the reuniens thalamic nucleus and ventral hippocampi. Furthermore, we found differences in the correlation between c-fos activation levels and freezing behavior during extinction between male and female rats. Specifically, in male rats, c-fos activation in the anterior cingulate cortex was negatively correlated with the freezing level, while c-fos activation in the retrosplenial granular cortex was positively correlated with the freezing level; but in female rats did not exhibit any correlation between c-fos activation and freezing level. Finally, the functional connectivity analysis revealed differences in the neural networks involved in extinction learning between male and female rats. In male rats, the infralimbic cortex and insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and retrosplenial granular cortex, and dorsal dentate gyrus and dCA3 were strongly correlated after extinction. In female rats, prelimbic cortex and basolateral amygdala, insular cortex and dCA3, and anterior cingulate cortex and dCA1 were significantly correlated. Conclusion: These results suggest divergent neural networks involved in extinction learning in male and female rats and provide a clue for improving the clinical treatment of exposure therapy based on the sexual difference.

The Role of Total White Blood Cell Count in Antipsychotic Treatment for Patients with Schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Total white blood cell count (TWBCc), an index of chronic and low-grade inflammation, is associated with clinical symptoms and metabolic alterations in patients with schizophrenia. The effect of antipsychotics on TWBCc, predictive values of TWBCc for drug response, and role of metabolic alterations require further study. METHODS: Patients with schizophrenia were randomized to monotherapy with risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, perphenazine or haloperidol in a 6-week pharmacological trial. We repeatedly measured clinical symptoms, TWBCc, and metabolic measures (body mass index, blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting blood lipids and glucose). We used mixed-effect linear regression models to test whether TWBCc can predict drug response. Mediation analysis to investigate metabolic alteration effects on drug response. RESULTS: At baseline, TWBCc was higher among patients previously medicated. After treatment with risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, perphenazine, and haloperidol, TWBCc decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Lower baseline TWBCc predicted greater reductions in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and negative scores over time (p < 0.05). We found significant mediation of TWBCc for effects of waist circumference, fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose on reductions in PANSS total scores and PANSS negative subscale scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: TWBCc is affected by certain antipsychotics among patients with schizophrenia, with decreases observed following short-term, but increases following long-term treatment. TWBCc is predictive of drug response, with lower TWBCc predicting better responses to antipsychotics. It also mediates the effects of certain metabolic measures on improvement of negative symptoms. This indicates that the metabolic state may affect clinical manifestations through inflammation.

Diversity and correlation analysis of different root exudates on the regulation of microbial structure and function in soil planted with Panax notoginseng.

Introduction: Specific interactions between root exudates and soil microorganisms has been proposed as one of the reasons accounting for the continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) of Panax notoginseng. However, rotation of other crops on soils planted with P. notoginseng (SPP) did not show CCO, suggesting that root exudates of different crops differentially regulate soil microorganisms in SPP. Methods: Here, we investigated the microbial community structure and specific interaction mechanisms of the root exudates of the four plant species, P. notoginseng (Pn), Zea mays (Zm), Nicotiana tabacum (Nt) and Perilla frutescens (Pf), in SPP by static soil culture experiment. Results: The results showed that the chemical diversity of root exudates varied significantly among the four plant species. Pn had the highest number of unique root exudates, followed by Nt, Zm and Pf. Terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic acids were the most abundant differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in Pn, Nt, Zm and Pf, respectively. However, lipids were the most abundant common DAMs among Zm Nt and Pf. Pn root exudates decreased the relative abundance of bacteria, but increased that of fungi. While specific DAMs in Pn enriched Phenylobacterium_zucineum, Sphingobium_yanoikuyae, Ophiostoma_ulmi and functional pathways of Nucleotide excision repair, Streptomycin biosynthesis, Cell cycle-Caulobacter and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, it inhibited Paraburkholderia _caledonica and Ralstonia_pickettii. However, common DAMs in Zm, Nt and Pf had opposite effects. Moreover, common DAMs in Zm, Nt and Pf enriched Ralstonia_pseudosolanacearum and functional pathway of Xylene degradation; unique DAMs in Zm enriched Talaromyces_purcureogeneus, while inhibiting Fusarium_tricinctum and functional pathways of Nucleotide excision repair and Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; unique DAMs in Pf enriched Synchytrium_taraxaci. Discussion: The core strains identified that interact with different root exudates will provide key clues for regulation of soil microorganisms in P. notoginseng cultivation to alleviate CCO.

Application fruit tree hole storage brick fertilizer is beneficial to increase the nitrogen utilization of grape under subsurface drip irrigation.

It is very important to promote plant growth and decrease the nitrogen leaching in soil, to improve nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency. In this experiment, we designed a new fertilization strategy, fruit tree hole storage brick (FTHSB) application under subsurface drip irrigation, to characterise the effects of FTHSB addition on N absorption and utilization in grapes. Three treatments were set in this study, including subsurface drip irrigation (CK) control, fruit tree hole storage brick A (T1) treatment, and fruit tree hole storage brick B (T2) treatment. Results showed that the pore number and size of FTHSB A were significantly higher than FTHSB B. Compared with CK, T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the biomass of different organs of grape, N utilization and 15N content in the roots, stems and leaves, along with more prominent promotion at T1 treatment. When the soil depth was 15-30 cm, the FTHSB application significantly increased the soil 15N content. But when the soil depth was 30-45 cm, it reduced the soil 15N content greatly. T1 and T2 treatments obviously increased the activities of nitrite reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in grape leaves, also the urease activity(UR) in 30 cm of soil. Our findings suggest that FTHSB promoted plant N utilization by reducing N loss in soil and increasing the enzyme activity related to nitrogen metabolism. In addition, this study showed that FTHSB A application was more effective than FTHSB B in improving nitrogen utilization in grapes.

Alterations of gut microbiota and metabolome in early chronic kidney disease patients complicated with hyperuricemia.

Object: This study aims to investigate the changes in gut microbiota and metabolism of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1-2, as well as the potential impact of hyperuricemia (HUA) on these factors in CKD stage 1-2 patients. Methods: In this study, fecal samples were collected from CKD stage 1-2 without HUA patients (CKD-N group), CKD stage 1-2 with HUA patients (CKD-H group), and healthy people controls (HCs group). The samples were then subjected to the microbiome (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and metabolome (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) analyses. The multi-omics datasets were analyzed individually and integrated for combined analysis using various bioinformatics approaches. Results: Gut microbial dysbiosis was found in CKD-N and CKD-H patients. At the phylum level, compared to HCs group, Bacteroidetes decreased but Proteobacteria increased in CKD-H group significantly. Fusobacteria in CKD-N group was significantly lower than HCs group. At genus level, [Eubacterium]_ventriosum_group, Fusobacterium, Agathobacter, Parabacteroides, and Roseburia significantly changed in CKD groups. [Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group was significantly lower in CKD-H group than CKD-N group. Moreover, the fecal metabolome of CKD-N and CKD-H altered significantly. d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, histidine metabolism, and lysine biosynthesis were down-regulated in the CKD-N group. Phenylalanine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, purine metabolism, and beta-alanine metabolism were up-regulated in the CKD-H group. There was a significant difference between the two CKD groups in phenylalanine metabolism. The abundance change of [Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group, [Eubacterium]_ventriosum_group, UCG-002, Alistipes, and Bifidobacterium had a close correlation with differential metabolites. Conclusion: The gut microbiota and metabolic status undergo significant changes in CKD patients compared to healthy people. Additionally, HUA has been found to impact the gut microbiota of CKD patients, as well as their metabolism. The close association between gut microbiota and metabolites suggests that the former plays a crucial role in metabolism.

CG hypermethylation of the bHLH39 promoter regulates its expression and Fe deficiency responses in tomato roots.

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms, including plants, whose limited bioavailability restricts plant growth, yield, and nutritional quality. While the transcriptional regulation of plant responses to Fe deficiency have been extensively studied, the contribution of epigenetic modulations, such as DNA methylation, remains poorly understood. Here, we report that treatment with a DNA methylase inhibitor repressed Fe deficiency-induced responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots, suggesting the importance of DNA methylation in regulating Fe deficiency responses. Dynamic changes in the DNA methylome in tomato roots responding to short-term (12 hours) and long-term (72 hours) Fe deficiency identified many differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and DMR-associated genes. Most DMRs occurred at CHH sites under short-term Fe deficiency, whereas they were predominant at CG sites following long-term Fe deficiency. Furthermore, no correlation was detected between the changes in DNA methylation levels and the changes in transcript levels of the affected genes under either short-term or long-term treatments. Notably, one exception was CG hypermethylation at the bHLH39 promoter, which was positively correlated with its transcriptional induction. In agreement, we detected lower CG methylation at the bHLH39 promoter and lower bHLH39 expression in MET1-RNA interference lines compared with wild-type seedlings. Virus-induced gene silencing of bHLH39 and luciferase reporter assays revealed that bHLH39 is positively involved in the modulation of Fe homeostasis. Altogether, we propose that dynamic epigenetic DNA methylation in the CG context at the bHLH39 promoter is involved in its transcriptional regulation, thus contributing to the Fe deficiency response of tomato.

Depression Detection Based on Analysis of EEG Signals in Multi Brain Regions.

BACKGROUND: As an objective method to detect the neural electrical activity of the brain, electroencephalography (EEG) has been successfully applied to detect major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the performance of the detection algorithm is directly affected by the selection of EEG channels and brain regions. METHODS: To solve the aforementioned problems, nonlinear feature Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) and frequency domain feature power spectral density (PSD) were extracted to analyze the EEG signals. Additionally, effects of different brain regions and region combinations on detecting MDD were studied with eyes closed and opened in a resting state. RESULTS: The mean LZC of patients with MDD was higher than that of the control group, and the mean PSD of patients with MDD was generally lower than that of the control group. The temporal region is the best brain region for MDD detection with a detection accuracy of 87.4%. The best multi brain regions combination had a detection accuracy of 92.4% and was made up of the frontal, temporal, and central brain regions. CONCLUSIONS: This paper validates the effectiveness of multiple brain regions in detecting MDD. It provides new ideas for exploring the pathology of MDD and innovative methods of diagnosis and treatment.

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Comprehensive Assessment of Prostate Volume, Morphology, and Composition Better Reflects the Correlation With International Prostate Symptom Score.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for comprehensive evaluation of the correlation between the characteristics of the transitional zone and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively recruited 210 patients with biopsy-proven BPH who underwent preoperative mp-MRI and were assigned an IPSS. The evaluation indicators included prostate volumetric parameters (total prostate volume [TPV], transition zone volume [TZV], and transition zone index [TZI, TZI=TZV/TPV]), prostate morphological parameters (intravesical prostatic protrusion, and presumed circle area ratio) and prostate compositional parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], and mean signal intensity of T2WI [mean-SI-T2WI]). The Pearson (r) correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to build a regression model for evaluating the correlation between MRI-derived parameters and IPSS, IPSS-storage symptom, IPSS-voiding symptom. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between IPSS, IPSS-storage symptom, IPSS-voiding symptom, and prostate MRI-derived parameters, including TPV (r = 0.350; r = 0.466; r = 0.225, P < .001), TZV (r = 0.374; r = 0.492; r = 0.243, P < .001), TZI (r = 0.383; r = 0.313; r = 0.354, P < .001), presumed circle area ratio (r = 0.481; r = 0.356; r = 0.469, P < .001), ADC(r = -0.198; r = -0.053; r = -0.239, P < .05) and mean-SI-T2WI (r = -0.626; r = -0.310; r = -0.687, P < .001), respectively. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the impact of mean-SI-T2WI and TZI on total IPSS were statistically significant (P < .05), and the regression equation established with the analysis (IPSS= 39.224 + 8.469 ×TZI+ (-0.09)× (mean-SI-T2WI)) was statistically significant (F=104.995, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Mp-MRI could be used to evaluate the volume and morphology of BPH. In particular, mean-SI-T2WI and ADC could be used to describe the internal composition of the prostate. The imaging parameters were effective for evaluating BPH.

Effectiveness of yoga for major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a relapse rate that cannot be ignored and places a tremendous burden on the patient in the prevention and treatment process. Yoga, a combination of physical and mental exercises, is effective and acceptable for the adjunctive treatment of MDD. This study aimed to explore further the evidence of yoga's efficacy for patients with MDD. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases from their inception to 13 October 2022 were searched by a pre-defined search strategy. RCTs of patients with MDD who met diagnostic criteria for yoga treatment were included. RoB2.0 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Improvement in depressive symptoms was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), or other scales were used as primary outcome indicators, and improvement in anxiety was assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scale as secondary outcome indicators. RR and Cohen's d at 95% CI were used as effect size estimates, and Q and I2 were used to evaluate the size of heterogeneity, with a p-value less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: Thirty-four RCT studies, including 1,269 patients in the treatment group and 1,072 patients in the control group, 48.4% of whom were women, were included in the study. Compared to the control group, the BDI-II results yielded a moderate effect of yoga on the improvement of depressive symptoms (Cohen's d = -0.60; 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.21; p < 0.01), the HAMD results yielded a moderate improvement of yoga on the severity of depressive symptoms (Cohen's d = -0.64; 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.30; p < 0.01), and the STAI results can be concluded that yoga had a negligible effect on the improvement of the level of anxiety (Cohen's d = -0.26; 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.04; p = 0.02). No adverse events occurred in the yoga group during the treatment. Conclusion: Yoga can improve depressive symptoms and anxiety in patients with MDD and has a safe and wide patient acceptance. Systematic review registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [PROSPERO, CRD42022373282].

Cross-subject classification of depression by using multiparadigm EEG feature fusion.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to solve the non-stationarity and complexity characteristics and huge individual differences in the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for depression classification. METHODS: To address those problems, the Lempel-Ziv complexity feature matrices were extracted from the EEG signals under the two paradigms of eyes open and eyes closed in the resting state. Topographical map of brain and statistical analysis were introduced to investigate the significance of eyes open and eyes closed EEG for depression classification. To promote the classification accuracy, feature matrices from the two paradigms were fused. And linear combination and concatenation fusion methods were proposed to further reveal the underlying mechanism of improving classification accuracy. Support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor, and decision tree classifiers were employed and compared to classify depression under the eyes open, eyes closed and fused paradigm. RESULTS: The classification results of 10-fold cross-validation showed that the highest average accuracy (86.58%) under a single paradigm was achieved in the eyes-open state. The multiparadigm fusion method of concatenation was better than the linear combination. The best classification result was obtained using multiparadigm feature concatenation under the SVM classifier, yielding an accuracy of 94.03%. CONCLUSION: The multiparadigm feature fusion method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of depression classification. It was proved that eyes open and eyes closed EEG have complementary information, which was benefit for the cross-subject classification of depression. It provides new ideas for depression classification in clinics.

Contribution of the leaf and silique photosynthesis to the seeds yield and quality of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in reproductive stage.

Influences of photosynthesis of leaf and silique on seeds yield and quality of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were explored in this study. A field comparing experiment with several rapeseed varieties was conducted and the results showed, that the leaf area index (LAI), silique surface area index (SAI), siliques number per plant, and biological yield were statistically classified as the first principal factors which greatly influenced seeds yield, the leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and silique Pn were the second principal factors; the stomatal conductance (Gs) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) content were the first principal factors which influenced leaf Pn and silique Pn. A shading experiment was conducted and the results showed that, under treatments of the ZH1, ZH2, and ZH3 (shading rapeseed plants during flowering stage, during time from initial flowering until seeds ripening, and during time from flowering ending until seeds ripening, respectively), respectively the seeds yield per plant was reduced by 34.6%, 84.3%, and 86.1%, the seed protein content was significantly increased. The treatment ZH1 Not, but the ZH2 and ZH3 caused significant decrease in both seed oil content and oleic acid (C18:1) content in seed oil, and the contents of linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3) in oil were significantly increased, gene expression of the ACCase (Acetyl-CoA carboxylase), FAD2 (fatty acid desaturase), and FAD3 (ω-3 fatty acid dehydrogenase) in green seeds was restrained/changed. Thus the LAI, SAI, siliques number per plant, biological yield per plant, leaf Pn, silique Pn, and the Gs, Chl a content of leaf and silique formed an indexes system to be used in screening rapeseed variety with higher light efficiency and seeds yield; the silique photosynthesis inhibition and the photosynthates deficiency in rapeseed plant after flowering stage predominately influenced seeds yield and quality.

High-efficiency FBG array sensor interrogation system via a neural network working with sparse data.

FBG array sensors have been widely used in the multi-point monitoring of large structures due to their excellent optical multiplexing capability. This paper proposes a cost-effective demodulation system for FBG array sensors based on a Neural Network (NN). The stress variations applied to the FBG array sensor are encoded by the array waveguide grating (AWG) as transmitted intensities under different channels and fed to an end-to-end NN model, which receives them and simultaneously establishes a complex nonlinear relationship between the transmitted intensity and the actual wavelength to achieve absolute interrogation of the peak wavelength. In addition, a low-cost data augmentation strategy is introduced to break the data size bottleneck common in data-driven methods so that the NN can still achieve superior performance with small-scale data. In summary, the demodulation system provides an efficient and reliable solution for multi-point monitoring of large structures based on FBG array sensors.